A01_RICH4603_04_SE_A01.QXD

operator n (in English) the firstauxiliary verb to occur in a verb phrase, so called because it is the verb which “operates” as ...

oral proficiency interview oral^1 adj a term used to stress that a spoken form of language is used as opposed to a written form, ...

a type of speaking test that elicits and assesses a ratable sample of a test taker’s oral language proficiency in a structured i ...

othering n the idea that individuals and societies often define themselves in opposition to others. Othering of another group ty ...

output output n language produced by a language learner, either in speech or writing. see input output hypothesis n also compreh ...

P paced reading v 1 a reading activity designed to develop students’ reading speed, in which students read at a fixed rate deter ...

palaten see place of articulation paradigm^1 n paradigmaticadj a list or pattern showing the forms which a word can have in a gr ...

linguistics, paragraphs are treated as indicators of the macro-structure of a text (see scheme). They group sentences which belo ...

parallel processingn information processing in which two or more processing operations are carried out at the same time or in pa ...

example, to make (someone or something) appear or feel youngeris a para- phrase of the English verb rejuvenate. Dictionary defin ...

participant observer) as a way of collecting data. It is claimed that an observer who is also a participant can understand a sit ...

ameasure partitives, e.g. a yardof cloth, an acreof land, two pintsof milk btypical partitives (i.e. where a particular partitiv ...

past participlen seeparticiple past perfectn see perfect past tensen the form of a verb which is usually used to show that the a ...

peer editing peak (of a syllable)n see syllable Pearson product-moment correlation (r) see correlation pedagogical content knowl ...

peer feedbackn another term for peer review peer groupn a group of people with whom a person associates or identifies, e.g. neig ...

taker on a test has a certain raw score, which varies depending on which norm groupthis test taker’s raw score is compared to. s ...

I have finished. She hasalways lovedanimals. If the auxiliary is in the present tense, the verb group is described as the presen ...

performance factorsn see performance performance grammarn a description of the rules or strategies which people use when they pr ...

explicit performatives (those containing a “performative verb”, such as promise,warn,deny, which names the speech act or illocut ...

personal functionn see developmental functions of language personalityn those aspects of an individual’s behaviour, attitudes, b ...