Arabic: An Essential Grammar

70 Chapter 13 Number Dual and plural 13.1 Arabic nouns and adjectives are inflected for three numbers: 13.2 Dual The dual is use ...

13.4 The final syllable ِن .../...ni/ of the dual masculine and feminine is elided when the word is in the
id ̇ a ̄fah constru ...

13.6 The final
alif maqs ̇ u ̄rah (^) ـى ِ ... of a singular noun becomes ya ̄
(^) ...ـيـ... /...y.../ before dual endings, ...

13.10 As in the dual, the final syllable ـ َن... /...na/ of the sound plural masculine disappears, if the word enters the
id ̇ ...

13.14 As in the dual, any feminine noun which has a final hamzah .. َ.ـا ُء /...a ̄
u/ replaces it in the plural with wa ̄w (^ ...

Exercises Practise your reading: 1 َنَكَس 2 ِناَرِجا َّ تل 3 ِنْيَريِبَك ِنْيَرْصَق يِف ِنا َّ يِنَغْل 4 . ِةَنيِدَمـْل ِيَرْ ...

1 / َلِعَز 1 َبِضَغ 2 ِريِدُم ْنِم ِتاَمِّلـَعُمـْلَو َنـيِم َّ لَعُمـْل ُضْعَب 3 ِةَرْو َّ دل 4 .ِةَّ يـِبـيِرْد َّ تل (7) ...

1 َأَدَب 2 وُرَ ّوَصُم 3 ِةَديِرَجـْل 4 َباَرْضِْلإ 5 ِةَّ دُمـِل 6 (. ٌةَعاَس ).s ِنْيَتَعاَس (14) bada
a mus ̇ awwiru ̄ l- ...

78 Chapter 14 Perfect tense verbs, root and radicals, triliteral verbs and word order 14.1 There are two main verb tenses in Ara ...

reference form for the said verb with all its various forms, َكـ َتـ َب kataba is conventionally translated by the English infin ...

person, gender and number of the subject and pronominal object by means of suffixes (and in the imperfect also prefixes). Suffix ...

(a) When a verb in the third person is placed first in the sentence, the verb must be in the singular, even though the subject m ...

14.9 If the subject is in the dual and refers to non-humans, the verb is in the dual (if following the subject) and agrees with ...

Exercises Practise your reading: َنوُحا بََّّ سل َلَكَأ 1 اًماَعَط 2 اًدِساَف 3 . اوُضِرَمَف (1)
akala s-sabba ̄h ̇ u ̄na t ̇ ...

1 ْتَرـَكَذ 2 ُةَديِرَج 3 ْدَق ِنْيَريِزَوـْل َّ نَأ ِمْوَيْل 4 اَضـَفَر 5 . َعوُرـْشـَمـْل (7) d ̄ akarat g ̆arı datu l-yaw ...

1 َعَنَم 2 ُسِراَحـْل 3 ىَلِإ ِسا َّ نل َلوُخُد 4 ِبَعْلَمـْل 5 َنوُد 6 ٍتاَقاَطِب 7 اوُزَفَقَف ْنِم 8 ِقْوَف 9 ِراَدِجـْل 0 ...

(13) The guard prevented the demonstrators from entering the fortress. (14) The cat snatched the piece of cheese from the refrig ...

87 Chapter 15 Separate personal pronouns and suffix pronouns 15.1 The separate personal pronouns ض َما ِئ ُر اْلـ ُم ْن َف ِصَل ...

Note: A separate pronoun can be added as an apposition to a word containing a suffix pronoun to give special emphasis, e.g. َتْن ...

Note: The suffix pronoun for the first person singular ِني ... /..nı ̄/ ‘me’, is attached only to a verb, indicating the direct ...