Arabic: An Essential Grammar

ُسْمـ َّ شلَأ 1 . ٌةَعِلاَط (17)
asˇ-sˇamsu t ̇ a ̄li  atun. The sun 1 is rising. 1 . ٌةَديِدَش ٌحيِر (18) rı h ̇ un sˇadı ...

51 Chapter 11 Conjunctions, prepositions and the particle تى ّ َ َح h ̇ atta ̄ 11.1 Some conjunctions and prepositions consist o ...

1 (^) َجَرَخ 2 ٌُبـِلاَطَف ُذاَتـْسْ لأˆَف ُريِدُمـْل h ̆ arag ̆a l-mudı ru fa-l
usta ̄d ̄ u fa-t ̇ a ̄libun. 2 The rector ...

After a transitive verb: َسْأ َّ رل ى َّ تَح َةَكَم َّ سل َلَكَأ
akala s-samakata h ̇ atta ̄ r-ra
sa. He ate the fish, eve ...

is changed to fath ̇ ah or kasrah, in order to avoid having three consonants fol- lowing each other, thus smoothing the pronunci ...

“تىََّأ ُمو ُت َو ِ في َن ْف ِسي َش ْي ٌء ِم ْن َح”
amu ̄tu wa-fı nafsı sˇay
un min h ̇ atta ̄ I shall die and still hav ...

sentences by using any of the four prepositions َم َع ma  a, ِع ْن َد  inda, َلـ َدى lada ̄ or ...ِلـ (...َلـ) li... (la...) a ...

11.11 Spelling rules for the preposition ِلـ... li... (a) When ِلـ... li... ‘for, to’ precedes a word with the definite article ...

Exercises Practise your reading: 1 ُرـيِزَوْلَو ُكـِلَمـْل َجَرـَخ 2 . ِرـْصـَقْل َنِم اًعَم ُريـِفـ َّ سلَو (1) h ̆ arag ̆a ...

1 ُكِلَمـْل َثَعَب 2 اًرَبَخ 3 . ِريـِف َّ سلَو ِرـيِزَوـْلـِل ًاّماَه (9) ba  at ̄ a l-maliku h ̆ abaran ha ̄mman li-l-wazı ...

َبِرَش 1 ىَّ تَح َةَوْهَقْل ُفْي َّ ضل 2 . َلْف ُ ّثل (18) sˇariba d ̇ -d ̇ ayfu l-qahwata h ̇ atta ̄ t ̄ -t ̄ ufla. The 1 gu ...

61 Chapter 12
Id ̇ a ̄fah construction (genitive attribute) and the five nouns 12.1 The meaning of the Arabic term
id ̇ a ̄f ...

12.3 The semantic relation between the two constituents of the
id ̇ a ̄fah construction is not, however, always that of posses ...

(d) Sometimes the annexer can function either as genitive attribute or logical object, e.g. 12.4 Rules concerning the
id ̇ a ̄ ...

(c) If the second noun (the annexer) is in the definite form, it causes the whole
id ̇ a ̄fah construction to be definite. If ...

12.7 When the first noun (the annexed) in the genuine
id ̇ a ̄fah con- struction is qualified by an adjective, the adjective a ...

12.10 However, the noun to which the adjective refers may be ambiguous even in a vocalized text, e.g. ِريِصَقْل ِذيِمْل َّ تل ...

Exercises Practise your reading: 1 ُلِماَعْل َح َّلَص 2 ِةَرا َّيَّ سل َكا َّبُش 3 .َل َّ طَعُمـْل (1) s ̇ allah ̇ a l-  a ̄ ...

1 ُلَخْدَم 2 ِةَقيِدَح 3 ُديِدَجـْل ِتاَناَوَيَحـْل 4 . ٌحوُتْفَم (9) madh ̆ alu h ̇ ad-ıqati l-h ̇ ayawa ̄na ̄ti l-g ̆ad-ıdu ...

1 َمَدَخ 2 ُطِباَض 3 ِرْصَق يِف ِةَطْر ُّ شل 4 . ِديِدَجـْل ِكِلَمـْل (17) h ̆ adama d ̇ a ̄bit ̇ u sˇ-sˇurt ̇ ati fı qas ̇ ...