1. MedievWorld1_fm_4pp.qxd

580 Pisa Pisa Medieval Pisa was an Italian city in TUSCANYon an alluvial plain formed by the Arno, a short distance, 6 miles, fr ...

Pisano, Giovanni 581 success in coping with the madness of Charles VI (r. 1380–1422), the king of France, and in resolving a civ ...

582 Pisano, Niccolò sought ideas and models different from those of his father. He died probably at Siena between 1314 and 1318. ...

Pius II, Pope 583 response. Realizing that peace within Europe was neces- sary before rulers would contemplate a crusade, Pius I ...

584 plague political circle. He also had the village of his birth, Corsignano, reconstructed into a model of Renaissance archite ...

Plantagenets 585 varied according to locale and age group, a characteristic of plagues in general. Some areas escaped one outbre ...

586 Plato and Platonism century. On the death of RICHARDIII in 1485, the line became extinct. See alsoANJOU; AQUITAINE; EDWARDI, ...

Poland 587 of its primacy, regressing into a bureaucratic and jurisdic- tional position. In the 13th century, he was chosen annu ...

588 Poland larger towns and in certain regions, Jewish communities appeared in Silesia, emphasizing still more the diversity of ...

political theory and treatises 589 the same time he became king of Poland (r. 1386–1433). This Polish Lithuanian Union of 1385 l ...

590 poll tax modern ideas of the separation of church and state, representative government, the popular roots of political power ...

Porette, Margaret 591 were, however, limited in scope and in time to only the particular property and people inventoried, with l ...

592 pork Nobility and Annihilation in Marguerite Porete’s Mirror of Simple Souls(Albany: State University of New York Press, 200 ...

Portugal 593 between SPAINand Portugal in 1494. All these events led to Portugal’s vast colonial empire in Africa, Brazil, south ...

594 Portuguese expansion and trade reprint, New York: Columbia University Press, 2001); Peter Linehan, “Castile, Portugal and Na ...

preaching and preachers 595 Virgin in about 885, the basilica of Saint George between 915 and 921, the church of Saint Guy short ...

596 predestination Arles (469/470–542), and Pope GREGORYI THEGREAT were compiled and recopied from Christian late antiq- uity. O ...

Prester John 597 SPAIN and PORTUGAL, the NETHERLANDS, Scandinavia, POLAND,ITA LY,PALESTINE,GREECE, and CYPRUS. Norbert was made ...

598 priests and priesthood King of the Indies,” which might have been from ABYSSINIAor Ethiopia. After an invasion of Persia by ...

processions, liturgical 599 The Impact of Printing 1450–1800,trans. David Gerard and ed. Geoffrey Nowell-Smith and David Wootton ...