1. MedievWorld1_fm_4pp.qxd

560 Parzival When Parliament became enlarged by the attendance of the commons, those representatives of the shires and the borou ...

Patrick, Saint 561 a peaceful agreement on the INVESTITURE CONTROVERSY somewhat favorable to the PAPACYwith the royal govern- me ...

562 Patrimony of Saint Peter about 690 by the saint’s biographers, Muirchú and Tírechán, among others. EARLY LIFE Patrick grew u ...

Peace and Truce of God 563 Simons, eds., Patronage, Art, and Society in Renaissance Italy(New York: Oxford University Press, 198 ...

564 peasant rebellions marauders, joined their Crusades outside Western Europe. Little was heard about the Peace and Truce of Go ...

pecia 565 The conditions for these peasants varied according to a number of factors, including the topography of land on which t ...

566 Pelagianism See alsoPHILOSOPHY AND THEOLOGY; SCHOLASTICISM ANDSCHOLASTIC METHOD; UNIVERSITIES AND SCHOOLS. Further reading:L ...

Pentecost 567 vary in severity and length by a set number of days, weeks, months, or years, depending on the sin and the social ...

568 people of the Book people of the Book SeeDHIMMI. Pépin III the Short (Pippin)(ca. 714/715–768)mayor of the palace for the la ...

Peter Lombard 569 Frankish bishops. Threatened by the LOMBARDS, Pope Stephen II (752–757) appealed to Pépin. The pope trav- eled ...

570 Peter the Hermit There he studied the glosses of ANSELM OFLAONand GILBERT OF POITIERS on the Psalms. He eventually opposed t ...

Petrarch, Francesco 571 WORKS AND INFLUENCE In 1130s and early 1140s, Peter wrote a life of the monk Gerard, attended the counci ...

572 Philip II Augustus back permanently to Italy, first to MILAN under the patronage of the VISCONTIfamily, then to VENICE, and ...

Philip the Good 573 Philip IV the Fair(1268–1314) king of France Born between April and June in 1268, Philip was the grandson of ...

574 philosophy and theology He associated himself frequently with a proposed CRUSADEbut never made any real efforts either to un ...

Polish Rulers: Piast Dynasty Ignatios (second tenure, 867–877), and deposed and sent Photios to a monastery. In 873, however, Ba ...

576 Piast dynasty support of the pope and the Angevin rulers of Hungary. His son, CASIMIR III the Great (r. 1333–70), ensured pe ...

Piero della Francesca 577 died in 1382. Other Piast princes ruled Silesia and Mozovia longer but were never kings of a united Po ...

578 Pierre d’Ailly church of San Francesco at Arezzo. It was inspired by the frescoes of Agnolo Gaddi (d. 1369) and by JAMES OFV ...

pipe rolls 579 Rome produced revenue for the people of Rome and pres- tige for the Holy See. The rituals of pilgrimage became mo ...