A Textbook of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics

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PART XIV CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY ...

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●Introduction 433 ●Pathophysiology of drug dependence 433 ●General principles of treating addictions 434 ●Opioid/narcotic analge ...

Drug availability and economic factors: Rates of dependence are increased if a drug is easily available. This may explain why d ...

as a way of minimizing medical complications of opioid dependence. INTOXICATION AND OVERDOSE For several seconds following intra ...

Withdrawal symptoms can be treated acutely by substitu- tion with a longer-acting opioid agonist (e.g. methadoneby mouth) or a p ...

which provide anonymized data to the appropriate national or regional Drug Misuse Database (DMD). treatments for cannabisdepende ...

CENTRAL STIMULANTS Amphetamines are abused for their stimulant properties, which are related acutely to the release of dopaminea ...

Peak plasma levels after smoking cigarettes can be matched bynicotinegum or patches but the rate of increase is much slower afte ...

respiratory depression. Chronic neurological accompaniments of persistent alcoholabuse include various forms of central and peri ...

Medical uses of alcohol Alcoholis used topically as an antiseptic. Systemic alcoholis used in poisoning by methanol or ethylene ...

Interactions of alcohol with other drugs Alcoholpotentiates the effects of other CNS depressants (e.g. benzodiazepines). Increas ...

FURTHER READING Goldman D, Oroszi G, Ducci F. The genetics of addictions: Uncovering the genes. Nature Reviews. Genetics2005; 7 ...

●Intentional self-poisoning 444 ●Accidental poisoning 449 ●Criminal poisoning 449 CHAPTER 54 DRUG OVERDOSE AND POISONING INTENTI ...

INTENTIONALSELF-POISONING 445 urea, creatinine, oxygen saturation and arterial blood gases. Drug screens are often requested, al ...

446 DRUG OVERDOSE AND POISONING appropriate resuscitation, repeated observations are neces- sary, as drugs may continue to be ab ...

INTENTIONALSELF-POISONING 447 overdoses of 7.5 g or more may cause hepatic failure, less com- monly renal failure, and death (fo ...

448 DRUG OVERDOSE AND POISONING Methionineis an effective oral antidote in paracetamol poisoning. It may be useful in remote are ...

CRIMINALPOISONING 449 Commission on Human Medicines (CHM) has advised that co-proxamolshould no longer be prescribed. Whilst ove ...