1. MedievWorld1_fm_4pp.qxd

K 420 Kaba (Kaaba, the Cube, Bayt Allah, the House of God) The Kaba is a cube-shaped shrine or “House of God” in the center of t ...

Kalonymus family 421 around a family of scholars, the Kalonymids or KALONY- MUSfamily, and two almost legendary figures and sage ...

422 Karbala, Battle of there is no clear evidence that they were connected to the Italian-German families. Members of these grou ...

Kharijites 423 Hudson, 1987); Françoise Henry, The Book of Kells with a Study of the Manuscript(London: Thames and Hudson, 1974) ...

424 khatt Fritz Zimmermann (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000); Elie Adib Salem, Political Theory and Institutions of the Kh ...

Kiev and the Kievan Rus ́ 425 Khwarizmshahs (Khwarazmshahs) The Khwarizm- shahs were the rulers of Khwarizm, or Khwarazam, a cen ...

426 al-Kindi, Abu Yusuf Yaqub ibn Ishaq al-Sabbah of the Russian Church and separation from the metropolitanate of MOSCOW. From ...

knights and knighthood 427 for European monarchs. The king was sacred, pious, and potentially saintly. As a “good” Christian mon ...

428 Knights of Malta Further reading:Richard W. Barber, The Knight and Chivalry,rev. ed. (Woodbridge, England: Boydell Press, 19 ...

kremlins 429 Press, 1984); Michael Angold, Church and Society in Byzantium under the Comneni, 1081–1261 (Cambridge: Cambridge Un ...

430 Krum, khan of the Bulgars Arthur Voyce, The Moscow Kremlin: Its History, Architec- ture, and Art Treasures(Berkeley: Univers ...

Kurds and Kurdistan 431 Kufic script and al-Kufa Kufior kuficis an Arabic adjective denoting something connected with the city o ...

L 432 labor The concept of labor during the Middle Ages was based on the idea that labor was the activity through which people u ...

laity 433 and Technology in Medieval Culture(New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1987); Maya Shatzmiller, Labour in t ...

434 Lakhmid dynasty (Aldershot: Variorum, 1995); André Vauchez, The Laity in the Middle Ages: Religious Beliefs and Devotional P ...

Languedoc 435 marriage. After the conquest in 1066, William called him to England in 1070 to be the archbishop of CANTERBURY aft ...

436 Laon the mid-13th century, Languedoc was grudgingly but well integrated into the Crown of France, its prosperity unabated. H ...

Latin Emperors of Constantinople and Claimants (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001); Mujatabá Musavi Lari, Resurrection ...

438 Latini, Brunetto See alsoDANDOLO, ENRICO; EPIROS;VILLEHARDOUIN, GEOFFROI DE. Further reading: Joseph Gill, Byzantium and the ...

Latin states in the East 439 for the majority of conjunctions in clauses of subordina- tion and indirect discourse. RESTORATIONS ...