1. MedievWorld1_fm_4pp.qxd

440 law recover the region. He had to fight primarily against the emir of ALEPPO. In 1108, he bequeathed his principality to his ...

Lebanon 441 the Hanafites, the Malikites, the Shafites, and the Han- balites. The SHIITESadded a fifth, that of the Jafarites. F ...

442 Lechfeld (the Lech), Battle of control of the Lebanese mountains. In 1365, in reaction to a naval attack on ALEXANDRIAby the ...

Leo III, Saint 443 Hambledon Press, 1990); Aba Bayefsky, Bayefsky’s Specta- cles: Being a Short Discourse on the History and Dev ...

444 León Ancient Biographies of Nine Popes from AD715 to AD 817 (Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 1992); Robert Folz, The ...

libraries 445 The Song of Leweswas a LATINpoem written after the battle to publicize Simon’s desire to limit monarchical authori ...

446 Libri Carolini G. Watson. (London: Offices of the Royal Historical Society, 1987). Libri Carolini The Libri Carolini(Carolin ...

Lippi, Fra Filippo 447 Their miniatures in the BOOKS OFHOURScontain scenes representing the months and included images of CASTLE ...

448 Lisbon by such famous painters as BOTTICELLI, his student GHIRLANDAIO, and even Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519). Further readi ...

Livonia 449 Eric Christiansen, The Northern Crusades: The Baltic and the Catholic Frontier, 1100–1525 (1980; reprint, New York: ...

450 Llull, Ramón conquered Livonia, and formed it into a regional confed- eration that grew to encompass all of southern Latvia ...

Lombard League 451 worked out in detail in the 13th century at Paris and at Oxford. The logicians of the 14th century. such scho ...

452 Lombards Constance, which acknowledged explicitly the cities and communes’ rights of self-government and incorporated them i ...

Lorenzetti, Ambrogio and Pietro 453 opposed to the corruption of the CLERGYand the hypocrit- ical wealth of the institutional ch ...

454 Lorris, William de (Guillaume de) Cycle in the Lower Church of San Francesco at ASSISI. His later accomplishment can seen in ...

Louis XI 455 SUCCESSION PROBLEMS In 819 Louis the Pious married Judith of Bavaria (800–843), and with her the Welf family came i ...

456 love THE GOOD. In 1461, his accession to the throne was marked by an unprecedented purging of his father’s offi- cials of st ...

Lull, Ramón, and Lullism 457 ENTERPRISE AND COMMERCE After the formation in 1161 of a community of MER- CHANTStrading frequently ...

458 Lupus Servatus of Ferrières stayed at Majorca to learn Arabic from a slave. He wrote a book, the Ars magna,which tried to sh ...

Lyon, Councils of 459 eventually they lost it to King LOUISIX of France in Their properties eventually passed into the control ...