1. MedievWorld1_fm_4pp.qxd

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M 461 Mabinogi(Mabinogion) This was an important collec- tion of medieval Welsh folk tales, legends, and ROMANCES. The name of t ...

462 Macedonia became the subject of the classic tragedy by William Shakespeare. Further reading:Archibald A. M. Duncan, Scotland ...

madrasa 463 Further reading:Michael Psellus, Fourteen Byzantine Rulers: The Chronographia of Michael Psellus,trans. E. R. A. Sew ...

464 al-Maghrib universities in Europe is not clear. Their building styles reflect important aspects of Islamic architecture. See ...

Maimonides, Moses 465 Middle Ages. The practices could encompass simple magic tricks, quack healing, incantations, occult games, ...

466 Majorca subsequently translated into Hebrew and LATIN, it was a philosophical Aristotelian meditation on the fundamen- tals ...

Malory, Thomas 467 Further reading:David Abulafia, A Mediterranean Emporium: The Catalan Kingdom of Majorca (Cam- bridge: Cambri ...

468 Malta The only extant manuscript on this “matter of Britain” was discovered in Winchester in 1934. The sole available versio ...

Manfred of Hohenstaufen 469 state was to exist for more than two centuries. In 1291 the Mamluk sultan al-Ashraf Khalil (r. 1290– ...

470 Manichaeism and Mani southern FRANCEand married him to Beatrice of SAVOY. Manfred inherited from Frederick an interest in cu ...

al-Mansur, Muhammad ibn Abu Amr 471 Survey2d ed. (Tübingen: Mohr, 1992); Paul Mirecki and Jason BeDuhn, ends., Emerging from Dar ...

472 Mantegna, Andrea to pay his soldiers and he accomplish his building schemes, including the great mosque at Córdoba and his p ...

Marco Polo 473 Used for Historic Exploration, 1290–1699 (New York: Parkstone Press, 2000). Marco Polo (Marcus Paulus) (1254–1324 ...

474 Margaret of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden Further reading:Marco Polo, The Travels of Marco Polo,trans. Ronald Latham (New York ...

Marranos 475 Further reading:Marie de France, The Lais of Marie de France,trans. Robert Hanning and Joan Ferrante (New York: Dut ...

476 marriage marriage In the Middle Ages Christian theologians saw in marriage what Saint Paul had called a sacrament involving ...

Marsilius of Padua 477 contracting partners and were increasingly expected to occur in a public ritual. Clandestine marriages we ...

478 Martianus Capella As an elective monarchy, his reasoning continued, the imperial regime corresponded to this theoretical mod ...

Martini, Simone 479 the VISIGOTHS, the bishops of Gaul directed miraculously by Martin, sided with CLOVIS, the king of the FRANK ...