Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Microanalysis
© Springer Science+Business Media LLC 2018 J. Goldstein et al., Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Microanalysis, https://do ...
40 4 17.1.3 Overview Energetic beam electrons stimulate the atoms of the speci- men to emit “characteristic” X-ray photons with ...
41 4 absorption energy,” and the “K-edge energy”) of 284 eV and four electrons in the L-shell, two each in the L 1 and the L 2 s ...
42 4 yields are shown in. Fig. 4.3b, c; and K-, L-, and M-shell yields are compared in. Fig. 4.3d (Crawford et al. 2011 ). From ...
43 4 4.2.4 X-Ray Nomenclature Two systems are in use for designating X-rays. The traditional but now archaic Siegbahn system lis ...
44 4 4.2.5 X-Ray Weights of Lines Within these families, the relative abundances of the charac- teristic X-rays are not equal. F ...
45 4 . Fig. 4.5 a Relative abundance of the K-L2,3 to K-M (Kα to Kβ) (Heinrich et al. 1979 ). b Relative abundance of the L-shel ...
46 4 0510 15 20 25 30 1.4e-20 1.2e-20 1.0e-20 8.0e-21 6.0e-21 4.0e-21 2.0e-21 0.0 Beam energy (keV) K-shell ionization cross sec ...
47 4 strong differences in the relative abundance of the X-rays produced by different elements. This plot also reveals that over ...
48 4 direction of the electron travel. In thin specimens where the beam electron trajectories are nearly aligned, this anisotrop ...
49 4 4.3.1 X-Ray Continuum Intensity The intensity of the X-ray continuum, Icm , at an energy Eν is described by Kramers ( 1923 ...
50 4 4.3.3 Range of X-ray Production As the beam electrons scatter inelastically within the tar- get and lose energy, inner shel ...
51 4 . Table 4.2 lists calculations of the range of generation for copper K-shell X-rays (Ec = 8.98 keV) produced in various hos ...
52 4 . Fig. 4.15 a Monte Carlo simulation (DTSA-II) of electron trajectories and associated Cu K-shell X-ray generation in pure ...
53 4 emission volumes for Cu K-shell and L-shell X-ray genera- tion in three different matrices—C, Cu, and Au—is shown in . Fig. ...
54 4 En Ekin = En-Ec Auger branch X-ray branch En= EK – EL = 277 eV Ekin = EK – 2EL Carbon atom, ground state K-shell ionization ...
55 4 transferred to the ejected electron. Photoelectric absorption is quantified by the “mass absorption coefficient,” μ/ρ, whic ...
56 4 efficiently couple its energy to the bound electron, resulting in a high value of μ/ρ. With further increases in photon ene ...
57 4 . Fig. 4.20 a Mass absorption coefficient for Au as a function of photon energy. b Mass absorption coefficient for Au as a ...
58 4 Photoelectric absorption reduces the X-ray intensity that is emitted from the target at all photon energies. The absorp- ti ...
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