A Grammar of Madurese

384 Chapter 11 Complex sentences In (197) the prepositional phrase dhari Kanada ‘from Canada’ has been fronted, and in (198) the ...

Direct speech 385 In the b-sentences in (201) and (202), it is possible to add a clause that indicates that another entity is al ...

386 Chapter 11 Complex sentences speech is use of first or second person forms in reference to a third person, as in (206) and ( ...

Direct speech 387 The two syntactic strategies for marking quoted speech are the same as those used for indirect speech. The mos ...

388 Chapter 11 Complex sentences (216) E-senta', “Bang Pote! Bang Pote! Engko' lapar!” OV-yell Garlic Garlic I hungry ‘She yelle ...

Chapter 12 Adverbs and adverbial clauses Adverbial expressions elaborate information regarding the state of affairs expressed by ...

390 Chapter 12 Adverbs and adverbial clauses (1) Daddi baji' gella', e-soso-we kerbuy pote pan-brampan are so baby before OV-mil ...

Types of adverbial expressions 391 (8) Reng tentara Mataram la adha' a-bali pole dha' person troop Mataram already not.exist AV- ...

392 Chapter 12 Adverbs and adverbial clauses b. Sa-minggu se tapongkor, Karim nyaba' motor e seddi'-na roma-na. c. Karim sa-ming ...

Types of adverbial expressions 393 In (14) and (15), the frequency adverbs rangrang ‘seldom’ and seggut ‘often’ occur in immedia ...

394 Chapter 12 Adverbs and adverbial clauses tantona ‘certainty’, and others. Examples are given in (19) and (20). (19) Hadi ban ...

Types of adverbial expressions 395 The characteristic position for manner adverbs is the end of the VP, which is generally claus ...

396 Chapter 12 Adverbs and adverbial clauses Note that kalaban takes what appears to be an adjectival complement. In (29) the co ...

Derivation of adverbs 397 In (33), para' ‘almost’ occurs right before the verb ekennenga ‘caught’, which it modifies. In (34), c ...

398 Chapter 12 Adverbs and adverbial clauses on-laon ‘slowly’ and te-ngate ‘carefully’ are also derived through reduplication. A ...

Adverbial clauses 399 (41) Ali nyare'-e obing guna ma-teppa' sapedha motor.^1 Ali AV.seek-DUR screwdriver in.order.to AV.CS-righ ...

400 Chapter 12 Adverbs and adverbial clauses 3.2 Reason clauses Adverbial clauses that establish a causative relation between tw ...

Adverbial clauses 401 Although the reason clause generally precedes or follows the main clause, it occasionally occurs within th ...

402 Chapter 12 Adverbs and adverbial clauses (55) Ompama Fatima lulus ujiyan guru-na ce' senneng-nga. if Fatima pass exam teache ...

Adverbial clauses 403 There is no separate word equivalent to the English ‘unless’. Rather the typical conditional clause is sim ...